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Orchid Culture and Care Let's put the care and culture of orchids in New Mexico into perspective. Rules of thumb work best when dealing with such a diverse group of plants. Concentrating on the epiphytes is probably the most useful, since those are the most popular orchids for indoor cultivation. Remember that in the natural world there are exceptions to every rule; for further information, consult Taylor's Guide to Orchids - the "Bible" for orchid growers and collectors alike. Light - Because of our high altitude and proximity to the sun, it is best not to give orchids any direct sunlight. The goal is to give them as much indirect light as possible. Phalaenopsis, Miltonia and Paphiopedilum or "lady slippers" require the least amount of light. Water - Whatever it takes to completely soak the root ball once a week is adequate. This can be accomplished by running water through the pot or, even better, submerging the whole pot in a container of water and letting it sit for about an hour. Temperature - If you are uncomfortable with the temperature in your house, so are your orchids. In general, "intermediate" orchids grow best between 60 and 80 degrees F. In summer, a shady patio should keep them cool enough. Since they are "air plants," they enjoy a good breeze. Humidity - Our low humidity keeps down the main pest of orchids - fungus. However, for orchids to thrive, some supplemental moisture is necessary. Placing them near fountains, humidifiers, humidity trays or the kitchen sink helps. A bright bathroom, where regular showers are happening or spraying the leaves (never the flowers) with water once a day also works. Fertilizing - It is unnecessary to feed orchids while they're in bloom. Once the flowers dry up, remove the flower stalk. Now is the time to stimulate lots of new leaf growth. For the next 6-9 months, a high nitrogen or growth formula should be used. Once the plant has put on about twenty-five percent new green growth, switch to a high phosphorous formula to pop out the flowers; this should only take a month or two. Always dilute the recommended dose in half and use it with every watering. Repotting - When plants are very crowded in their pots, it is time to "up pot" to the next size. Remove all bark medium and replace it with new, clean medium; never use soil. Cut off dead or slimy roots and, for best results, gently work in medium so there is as much root/medium contact as possible. If you can grow typical houseplants, orchids should be easy.
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